Sampling techniques
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· Nature and quality of sampling (eg cut channels, random chips, or specific specialised industry standard measurement tools appropriate to the minerals under investigation, such as down hole gamma sondes, or handheld XRF instruments, etc). These examples should not be taken as limiting the broad meaning of sampling.
· Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample representivity and the appropriate calibration of any measurement tools or systems used.
· Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are Material to the Public Report.
· In cases where 'industry standard' work has been done this would be relatively simple (eg 'reverse circulation drilling was used to obtain 1 m samples from which 3 kg was pulverised to produce a 30 g charge for fire assay'). In other cases more explanation may be required, such as where there is coarse gold that has inherent sampling problems. Unusual commodities or mineralisation types (eg submarine nodules) may warrant disclosure of detailed information.
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· A total of 2 historical diamond drillholes (M343281R325 and M343281R326) (236,8m) at Paltamo P1 were re-assayed.
· When drilled by GTK, the drill core was placed in order in wooden trays, with depth marker blocks at the drilling location.
· All samples retrieved are from diamond drill cores that have been cut longitudinally in half according to lithological and mineralisation intervals and prepared for assaying. The samples are predominantly 1-2 m in length.
· All samples were submitted to ALS-Geochemistry Oy in Outokumpu Finland for assaying.
· A prepared sample (0.25 g) was digested with perchloric, nitric, hydrofluoric, and hydrochloric acids. The residue was leached with dilute hydrochloric acid and diluted to volume. The resulting solution was analysed by a combination of inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry with results corrected for spectral or isotopic interferences.
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Drilling techniques
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· Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, open-hole hammer, rotary air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details (eg core diameter, triple or standard tube, depth of diamond tails, face-sampling bit or other type, whether core is oriented and if so, by what method, etc).
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· All drilling was made by diamond drilling, angled holes was planned and drilled. All the cores are drilled as NQ2 (core 50.7 mm diameter).
· Orientation markings on every core run.
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Drill sample recovery
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· Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample recoveries and results assessed.
· Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure representative nature of the samples.
· Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery and grade and whether sample bias may have occurred due to preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse material.
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Logging
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· Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support appropriate Mineral Resource estimation, mining studies and metallurgical studies.
· Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or costean, channel, etc) photography.
· The total length and percentage of the relevant intersections logged.
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· Drill core is logged is detail for lithology, alteration, mineralisation, geological structure, by geologists, utilising standardised logging codes and data sheets as supervised by the senior geologist.
· Logging was both quantitative and qualitative in nature. All core is photographed in the core boxes to show the core box number, core run markers and a scale.
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Sub-sampling techniques and sample preparation
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· If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all core taken.
· If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc and whether sampled wet or dry.
· For all sample types, the nature, quality and appropriateness of the sample preparation technique.
· Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages to maximise representivity of samples.
· Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative of the in situ material collected, including for instance results for field duplicate/second-half sampling.
· Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the material being sampled.
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· Full core was split longitudinally using a rock diamond saw to create half-core samples that were taken at typically 1-2 m intervals or to rock contacts if present in the core run for both mineralisation and wall rock. The drill core was rotated prior to cutting to maximise structure to core axis of the cut core.
· Half core was taken for sampling for assaying, and one half remains in the core box as reference material.
· Core samples were prepared according to industry best practice, with initial geological control of the half core, followed by crushing and grinding at the laboratory sample preparation facility that is routinely managed for contamination and cleanliness control. Sampling practice is considered as appropriate for Mineral Resource Estimation.
· Blanks, duplicates and certified reference materials were inserted into the sample stream at a rate of 1 blank and standard for every 20 samples.
· Sample sizes are considered appropriate to the grain size of the rocks and style of mineralisation being sampled.
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Quality of assay data and laboratory tests
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· The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and laboratory procedures used and whether the technique is considered partial or total.
· For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments, etc, the parameters used in determining the analysis including instrument make and model, reading times, calibrations factors applied and their derivation, etc.
· Nature of quality control procedures adopted (eg standards, blanks, duplicates, external laboratory checks) and whether acceptable levels of accuracy (ie lack of bias) and precision have been established.
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· Assaying for Ni, Cu, Co and Zn was conducted by ALS-laboratories
· Each sample was geochemically analysed for the following suite of elements: Ag, Al, As, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ge, Hf, In, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Re, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Sr, Ta, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, W, Y, Zn, Zr.
· A variety of AMIS CRMs have been used for quality control purposes for all assaying methods. In addition, blanks and pulp duplicates have been assayed to assess the accuracy, repeatability, consistency of analytical methods and machines and for sample contamination.
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Verification of sampling and assaying
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· The verification of significant intersections by either independent or alternative company personnel.
· The use of twinned holes.
· Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data verification, data storage (physical and electronic) protocols.
· Discuss any adjustment to assay data.
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· Significant intersections were verified by a number of company personnel within the management structure of the Exploration team. Intersections were defined by the exploration geologists, and subsequently verified by the Exploration Manager.
· Metals One Finland uses Leapfrog GEO and Imago software for data entry, verification, quality control, logging data and core photography. The data is stored on the cloud and is also saved and stored in MS Excel and MS Access software on Metals One Finland´s internal data drives as a backup and for use in geological modelling software.
· Data entry is supervised by a data manager, and verification and checking procedures are in place. The format of the data is appropriate for use in resource estimation
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Location of data points
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· Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar and down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other locations used in Mineral Resource estimation.
· Specification of the grid system used.
· Quality and adequacy of topographic control.
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· Drillhole collars were laid out using handheld global positioning system (GPS). The rigs were aligned with survey control, or by compass.
· A gyroscopic survey instrument was utilised during the course of the Paltamo P1 surface drill programs.
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Data spacing and distribution
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· Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results.
· Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish the degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and classifications applied.
· Whether sample compositing has been applied.
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· Average drillhole density at the P1, has a nominal spacing of 150-
· 200 m x 100 m.
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Orientation of data in relation to geological structure
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· Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of possible structures and the extent to which this is known, considering the deposit type.
· If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the orientation of key mineralised structures is considered to have introduced a sampling bias, this should be assessed and reported if material.
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· Diamond drillholes were oriented, wherever possible, perpendicular to the mineralised structures.
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Sample security
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· The measures taken to ensure sample security.
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· The drilling site is supervised by a Supervising Geologist, the drill core is placed into wooden core boxes that are sized specifically for the drill core diameter. A wooden lid is fixed to the box to ensure no spillage. Core box number, drill hole number and from/to meters are written on both the box and the lid. The core is then transported to the core storage area and logging facility, where it is received and logged into a data sheet. Core logging, and sampling takes place at the secure core management area. The core samples are marked with labels both in and on the core boxes, and data recorded on a sample sheet. The samples are transferred to the laboratory where they are registered as received, for laboratory sample preparation works and assaying. Hence, a chain of custody procedure has been followed from core collection to assaying and storage of pulp/remnant sample material
· All samples received at the core facility are logged and registered on a certificate sheet. The certificate sheet is signed by core facility supervisor (responsible person). All core is photographed, geotechnical logging, geological logging, sample interval determination, bulk density testing, and sample preparation.
· For external assaying, Metals One Finland Oy utilises ALS-Geochemistry Oy in Outokumpu, Finland.
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Audits or reviews
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· The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and data.
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· Ther have been no audits of drilling sampling techniques and data.
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